Refrain (music)
A refrain is a recurring line or phrase in a song that returns at regular intervals, often providing a lyrical and melodic anchor. It differs from a chorus in length and function, and is a fundamental element of many musical forms.
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Minor chord
A minor chord is a three‑note harmony built from a root, a minor third, and a perfect fifth. It provides a darker, more melancholic sound than its major counterpart and is fundamental to Western tonal music.
Flanger (audio effect)
A flanger is a time‑based audio effect that mixes a signal with a slightly delayed copy, creating sweeping, jet‑like comb‑filter textures.
Rallentando (music)
Rallentando, often abbreviated as “rit.”, is an Italian musical term indicating a gradual slowing of the tempo. It is used across many genres to create expressive phrasing and dramatic effect.
Circle of Fifths
The Circle of Fifths is a visual representation of the 12 pitch classes arranged by perfect fifths. It shows the relationship among key signatures, major and minor scales, and common chord progressions.
Odd Meter
Odd meter, also called irregular or asymmetrical meter, refers to musical time signatures whose beats are grouped in uneven patterns, such as 5/4 or 7/8, creating a distinctive rhythmic feel.
Bow (String Instrument)
A bow is a handheld device used to set the strings of violins, violas, cellos, and double basses into vibration. It typically consists of a stick, horsehair, and a grip, and its design has evolved over centuries to meet the expressive demands of Western art music.
Borrowed chord
A borrowed chord is a chord taken from the parallel key (major or minor) and used in a different tonal context, providing colour and tension in harmonic progressions.
Hip hop
Hip hop is a cultural movement and musical genre that originated in the African‑American and Latino communities of the Bronx, New York City, during the early 1970s. It encompasses rapping, DJing, breakdancing, graffiti art, and a distinctive style of production based on sampling and beatmaking.
Electronic Dance Music (EDM)
Electronic Dance Music, commonly abbreviated as EDM, is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres primarily designed for nightclubs, festivals, and radio. Originating from the late 1970s disco scene and evolving through house, techno, and trance, EDM has become a global cultural and economic force.