Semitone
A semitone, also called a half step, is the smallest interval used in most Western music systems, separating adjacent notes on a keyboard or fretted instrument.
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Octave
An octave is the interval between one musical pitch and another with double its frequency. It forms the basis of Western tonal organization and appears in virtually all musical contexts.
Viola (instrument)
The viola is a bowed string instrument slightly larger than the violin, tuned a fifth below it and known for its warm, mellow timbre. It plays a central role in orchestras, chamber ensembles, and solo repertoire.
Pitch (music)
In music, pitch refers to the perceived frequency of a sound, determining how high or low a note sounds. It is a fundamental element of melody, harmony, and tuning across all musical traditions.
Note (music)
A musical note is a written symbol that represents a specific pitch and duration in Western music notation. It combines visual elements to convey how a sound should be performed, serving as the basic building block of melodies and rhythms.
Dominant (music)
In music theory, the dominant is the fifth scale degree and the chord built on it, creating a strong pull toward the tonic. It is a fundamental harmonic function that shapes tension and resolution in tonal music.
Decrescendo (Diminuendo) – Definition, Notation & Performance
Decrescendo, also known as diminuendo, is a dynamic marking that tells musicians to gradually lower the volume. It is commonly shown as a left‑opening hairpin (<) or the abbreviation “decresc.” and appears across many musical styles.
Ionian mode
The Ionian mode is the diatonic scale that corresponds to the modern major scale, built on a sequence of whole and half steps (W‑W‑H‑W‑W‑W‑H). It serves as the first mode of the seven traditional church modes and is foundational in Western tonal music.
Una Corda (piano pedal marking)
Una corda, Italian for “one string,” is a piano notation indicating the use of the soft pedal. The pedal shifts the action so that the hammers strike fewer strings, producing a softer, muted tone.
Minimalism (genre)
Minimalism is a musical genre that emerged in the mid‑20th century, characterized by repetitive structures, steady pulse, and gradual transformation. It has influenced classical, electronic, film, and popular music worldwide.